Introduction
Over 38 million people are living with diabetes in the United States. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority of these cases. In some instances, diet and lifestyle changes are sufficient for managing type 2 diabetes, but in others medication is necessary. When it comes to taking insulin, many people are often hesitant due to cultural barriers of perceptions and values. This is true across numerous ethnic groups, including Hispanic populations. 11.7% of Hispanic adults have diabetes, making this hesitancy a major cause for concern.
Barriers to Insulin Use
According to research published in Diabetes Spectrum, insulin is widely underutilized across all populations. This issue is even more prominent among ethnic minority groups, whose insulin usage rate is much lower than that of White populations. Numerous factors may account for this disparity, but cultural barriers play a major role. Research from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro asked focus groups of Hispanic immigrants about their perception of insulin.The researchers found several reasons that can lead to hesitancy in using insulin among Hispanic populations including:
- Lack of understanding about the progressive nature of diabetes.
- Finding it inconvenient to take medication regularly.
- Perception that insulin does more harm than good.
- Belief that needing to use insulin implies a personal failure.
- Family dynamics- family members may discourage insulin use or view it as a burden on the family.
- Religious beliefs- people may turn to prayer to manage their diabetes or view it as a punishment.
Another study from Primary Care Diabetes also examined the external barriers that Hispanic patients face when initiating insulin treatment. They found that a lack of health literacy, socioeconomic status, and food preferences were some of the primary obstacles. Traditional cultural foods may not be the best for managing diabetes, and patients need help finding ways to incorporate the foods they are used to in a way that is healthier. They emphasized that delaying treatment increases the risk of long-term complications due to diabetes.
Addressing Hesitancy
The first step in addressing people’s hesitancy to take insulin is understanding the reasons behind it. By taking the time to learn about the cultural values and ideals that play into this apprehension, providers can better understand how to tackle the issue. Culturally sensitive care is vital to ensuring that people receive the treatment they need to handle their diabetes. Educating patients on the importance of taking insulin and the dangers associated with improper management of diabetes can help ease any concerns. Further, working with patients to find a treatment plan that works with their family and cultural dynamics means they will be more likely to stick with it. This can mean things like incorporating cultural foods into their diet plan. People with diabetes can live normal lives if the disease is properly managed, which is why preventing the progression is key.
Involving a patient’s support system can also help reduce cultural barriers. Providing family members with the same education and information can eliminate misconceptions. Family members should be encouraged to attend medical visits and have the opportunity to ask their own questions. Ultimately, much of the hesitation towards medication stems from fear about loved ones’ health, and assuaging family members’ concerns can help reduce that fear.
Conclusion
The underutilization of insulin among those with type 2 diabetes is a serious issue. Especially among Hispanic populations, cultural barriers cause people to avoid taking insulin. This hesitancy can make managing diabetes more difficult, and providers need to be cognizant of the reasons behind it. Understanding the cultural beliefs that create negative perceptions about insulin can help providers educate patients on the importance of medication in a way that they will be receptive to. Providing culturally sensitive care is essential to ensuring that Hispanic patients are able to properly manage their diabetes and live healthy lives.